Reverend Thomas, Robert Malthus - 969 Words

Reverend Thomas, Robert Malthus (b. February 13 or 14, 1766; d. December, 1834) Overview Reverend Thomas, Robert Malthus was a political/classical economist born in the late 1760’s. He studied at several different schools in the areas of mathematics, literature, and arts. Malthus was married in the early 1800’s and had three children. Malthus is most famous for his theories on population growth and how he proposed we go about controlling it. He later died in the 1830’s at the age of 68. Childhood and Education Thomas Malthus, more commonly called Robert, was born near Guildford, Surrey, England. His parents, Daniel and Henrietta, had seven children in total with Malthus being either the sixth or seventh in the line (different sources claim both as true). Malthus and his siblings received their preliminary education at home working with private tutors where he excelled primarily in literature and mathematics despite the fact that he had a speech impediment due to a hair lip and cleft palate. His tutor, Daniel Malthus, sent him to study with Richard Graves at Claverton for a short while before sending him to Gilbert Wakefield at the Dissenting Academy of Warrington in 1782. However, in 1783 the Warrington was closed due to funding issues and a decline in students. There was, however, an attempt at reviving the school in 1784 but was formally dissolved in 1786. In 1784 Malthus was admitted to Jesus College in Cambridge, where he studied under William Frend and graduated inShow MoreRelated Tho mas Robert Malthus Essay1907 Words   |  8 PagesThomas Robert Malthus Thomas Robert Malthus is one of the most controversial figures in the history of economics. He achieved fame chiefly from the population doctrine that is now closely linked with his name. Contrary to the late-eighteenth-century views that it was possible to improve people’s living standards, Malthus held that any such improvements would cause the population to grow and thereby reverse these gains. Malthus also sparked controversy with his contemporaries on issues of methodologyRead MoreCharles Darwin : A Man Of Science926 Words   |  4 Pagessexual selection, and although he little evidence to support these theories they would still prove to be help to Charles in his adult years. Erasmus’s son Robert, Charles father had also been a man of science had become a doctor and wanted Charles to have a respectable career. Whether is be as a doctor, or work theology and be a minister Robert wanted the best for Charles. Yet like many a college student Charles wasn’t sure what he wanted to do for the majority of his remaining life so after spendingRead MoreTerms Ap Euro Hello Version Chapter X1514 Words   |  7 Pages †¢ Greatly raise the productivity of land and of farm labor †¢ Fatter cattle †¢ The English country people became farmers †¢ Working men and women were dependent on daily wages Factory Act of 1802: A cotton lord, or cotton magnate Robert Peel in 1802 pushed for the first Factory Act through Parliament. This act purported to regulate the conditions in which pauper children were employed in the textile mills, but it was a dead letter from the beginning, since it proved no adequate bodyRead MorePopulation Growth in Eighteenth Century England1684 Words   |  7 Pagesto this the number of people marrying rose from 75% of the population at the beginning of the century to 93% of the population by the end of it, this would increase the number of stable family units in which children could be reared. The Reverend Thomas Malthus put forward the theory in his Essay on the Principle of Population that human population growth and decline were linked to positive and preventative checks. He wrote that food resources would always be outstripped by population growth ifRead MoreA Solution to the Population Problem:1724 Words   |  7 Pages1798 the Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus published his Essay on the Principle of Population, in which he deduced, â€Å"Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometric ratio. Subsistence increases only in an arithmetic ratio.† (Piel 1995 Pg. 44) His claim was that there would be a point in time where the world’s resources would no longer be able to support the population and the world would be reduced to â€Å"wars of extermination, sickly seasons, epidemics, pestilence, and plague.† (Malthus 1798 PgRead MoreThe Reasons For Growth Of Rapid Population Between Nineteenth And Nineteenth Century Britain2751 Words   |  12 Pagesunderwent their greatest population transformation between the late 17th and the late 19th century. Especially, the growth of the English population in the eighteenth century has long interested economic historians and it subsequently provoked Thomas Malthus to debate about the relationship between population change and economics growth. Nonetheless, the structure of demographic changes has, yet to be resolved. There are several social and economic factors that might have accounted for the rapidRead MoreRapid Population Growth as a Problem of Humanresources Utilization in Nigeria2752 Words   |  12 Pagesand personal esteem and freedom of choice which are significant in realizing optimum manpower utilization and consequently economic development. THEORETICAL FRAME WORK There are two major theories on population. These theories include: the Malthus Thomas Robert theory and the Demographic Transition theory. The Malthusaian theory postulated that population had a natural growth rate described by geometric progression whereas the natural resources necessary to support the population grew at a rate similar

The Significance of the Host/Guest Relationship in The...

The Odyssey is an epic poem attributed to the now-famous Greek poet, Homer, written approximately in the early sixth century B.C.E. The poem shares the tale of the wily adventuring solider, Odysseus, return from the Trojan war to his wife and home in Ithaca. The poem details his misadventures, the efforts of his son, Telemachus, to find him, and revenge on his wifes suitors. While many themes run through this poem, the most prevalent is that of hospitality. The Host-Guest relationship is significant in the Odyssey as it acts as one of the main thematic devices used by Homer and examples of good hospitality versus bad hospitality and their results serve as the main plot elements throughout the tale. The Host/Guest relationship,†¦show more content†¦Trade between city-states increased suspicions of the outsider. There were two main views of the stranger. In the primitive times, the poet seems to be suggesting, man lived in a state of permanent struggle and war to the death against the outsider. Then the gods intervened, and through their precepts, their themis, a new ideal was set before man, and especially before a king, an obligation of hospitality: `all strangers and beggars are from Zeus. One of Zeus aspects was that of the god of hospitality, Zeus Xenios. The Guest-Friend relationship provided the traveling stranger with protection, kinsmen, refuge and store-house. The poem begins with a perfect example of the hospitality laws being abused. Book I opens with the son of Odysseus, Telemachus, calling the assembly because his house has been plagued with guests who will not leave. They have broken the laws of Hospitality by remaining within the house and eating the food of Odysseus while trying to woo Odysseuss wife, Penelope. The suitors claim the right to stay through hospitality laws, stating that they remain solely because Penelope will not choose a husband amongst them, it is not the Achaean suitors who are to blame: it is your own mother with her unexampled trickery. Three years have passed, -and a fourth will soon be gone - since she began to baffle her suitors hearts. She gives hope to all, sh promises every man in turn.... TheShow MoreRelatedEssay Homers Hospitality1386 Words   |  6 Pagesthat arose during1600 BC. It was during this time that Ancient Greece began to take form, in both cultural and religious aspects. Historians often r efer to this period as Mycenaean, but due to the culture and values embodied in Homer’s poem, The Odyssey, it is also known as the Homeric Age. In Homer’s world, society consisted of city-states controlled by well-respected Kings. The Homeric Age also focused on the importance of religion where all regions participated in sacrificial tributes to the GodsRead MoreHospitality : An Important Part Of Homeric Society1820 Words   |  8 Pageswas deeply rooted in the definition of who they believed themselves to be and also characterized their gods, legends and heroes. Hospitality is an important part of Homeric society and is clearly shown in the Odyssey. Closely related to Xenia, the Greek relationship between guest and host, hospitality provided a practical solution for safe travel into the territory of others. Hospitality shown toward strangers and travelers is a significant feature in many of the myths and stories of the ancientRead MoreThe Role of the Gods in Homers Odyssey Essay1936 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of the Gods in The Odyssey In the ancient world, the gods of the Greeks had been predominately confined to cosmological deeds prior to the works of Homer. As Hesiod laid out the roles of the gods in his Theogony and the Works and Days, it is apparent that though the gods were active in the creation of the cosmos, natural phenomenon, and cyclical events such as seasons, they were not however, functioning in any historical way(Bloom 36). This strictly cosmological view of the godsRead MoreEssay on The Odyssey21353 Words   |  86 PagesThe Odyssey Set in ancient Greece, The Odyssey is about the hero Odysseus long-awaited return from the Trojan War to his homeland, Ithaca, after ten years of wandering. The current action of The Odyssey occupies the last six weeks of the ten years, and the narrative includes many places - Olympus, Ithaca, Pylos, Pherae, Sparta, Ogygia, and Scheria. In Books 9-12, Odysseus narrates the story of his travels in the years after the fall of Troy, and this narrative includes other far-flungRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pageseffort: What is the strategic role of projects in contemporary organizations? How are projects prioritized? What organizational and managerial styles will improve chances of project success? How do project managers orchestrate the complex network of relationships involving vendors, subcontractors, project team members, senior management, functional managers, and customers that affect project success? What factors contribute to the development of a high-performance project team? What project management systemRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesMyth or Science? (â€Å"Employees Resent Outsourcing†) †¢ Latest research on boundaryless organizations and their functioning †¢ Discussion of technology’s influence on organizational structure PREFACE xxvii †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Updated review of the relationship between organizational structure and attitudes New An Ethical Choice (Downsizing with a Conscience) New Case Incident (Creative Deviance: Bucking the Hierarchy?) Updated Case Incident (Siemens’ Simple Structure—Not) Chapter 16: OrganizationalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPreface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive ChangeRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesflow. Increasingly demanding consumer and industrial buyers are basing their purchasing decisions on the quality of products and services, and this requires manufacturers to be vastly more effective and to strengthen the way they manage customer relationships. The sellers are now deeply partnered with supply chain processes; this means that the cost and timing of new product releases have taken on new meaning and have new requirements. Fixed costs, which have always been a fundamental factor in managingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesoutstanding successful new enterprise ever. It was founded by Sergey Brin and Larry Page who dropped out of Stanford’s Ph.D program to do so. With its search engine, it raised advertising to a new level: targeted advertising. In so doing, it spawned a host of millionaires from its rising stock prices and stock options and made its two founders some of the richest Americans, just under Bill Gates and Warren Buffett. How did they do it? Starbucks is also a rapidly growing new firm—not as much as Google

Cry The Beloved Country and Apartheid Essay - 1205 Words

The novel Cry the Beloved Country was a prophecy for the future of South Africa. It alludes to and sometimes even blatantly states the conditions necessary for the end of apartheid and the beginning of peace. South Africa in the 1940s was in trouble. Kumalo, a priest, was able to see through the prejudices of the world and assess the situation. When inconvenient to involve Kumalo in the investigation, the depth of South Africas disparity was illustrated directly through the stories of horrifying happenings in characters conversations. Finally, we see that Msimangu was Patons voice in the novel. When certain conditions were met Msimangu [and Paton] theorized that peace would finally be plausible in South Africa. As the reader begins†¦show more content†¦but at least [we are] free of an old ignorant man, who is nothing but a white mans dog (CTBC, p67). And so new conflict is presented: the black mans struggle against the white mans oppression. It is also established that its r esolution definitely does not lie in the reunification of the tribe: It is breaking apart, your tribal society. It is here in Johannesburg that the new society is being built (CTBC, p67). Despite these setbacks, Kumalo remained steadfast in his principles and manner of speech regardless of where he was and who he was talking with.(abstract) For instance, he maintained his politeness in spite of the ramifications of his brothers iconoclastic suggestions (as illustrated above): ...who knows what angry words might have been spoken, but Stephen Kumalo was quick to intervene. Here is the tea, my brother. That is kind of you (CTBC, p69) Somewhat similarly, when he is speaking with Absoloms to-be wife, he loses himself briefly, but returns adamant to correct his errors according to his principles: I am sorry... I am ashamed that I asked you such a question... do you truly wish to marry my son? (CTBC, p147) These constants allow us to view all parts of the book from a single perspective and follow the progression of thought as if it were our own. Therefore, the power of Kumalos ability to assess the situation at hand in a valid and believable way provides the facts and issues the prophecies of this book are meant toShow MoreRelatedApartheid and The Future of South Africa in Cry, The Beloved Country1044 Words   |  5 PagesArthur, Napoleon, and Msimangu, all characters from Alan Paton’s book, Cry, The Beloved Country, are used to share Paton’s points of view on the future of South Africa and the apartheid. Paton uses these characters to represent specific views; Arthur expresses clearly that the apartheid isn’t the right way to progress as a country, Napoleon exemplifies how Paton thinks people should take the anti-apartheid effort, and Msimangu explicitly expresses Paton’s ideas of an ideal leader. Arthur JarvisRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton696 Words   |  3 PagesCry, the Beloved Country is a novel with remarkable lyricism written by Alan Paton. Born as a white South African, Alan Paton grew up during a time period marked by racial inequality and later became an activist against apartheid. He was a devout Christian so many of his writings reflect Christian faith. As an activist, he wrote many books about South Africa and racial injustice. While traveling around Europe, he began writing Cry, the Beloved Country, which was published in 1948. That same yearRead More Cry the Beloved Country Movie versus Film Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pages Cry, the Beloved Country is a moving story of the Zulu pastor Stephen Kumalo and his son Absalom. They live in an Africa torn apart by racial tensions and hate. It is based on a work of love and hope, courage, and endurance, and deals with the dignity of man. The author lived and died (1992) in South Africa and was on e of the greatest writers of that country. His other works include Too Late the Phalarope, Ah, but Your Land Is Beautiful, and Tales from a Troubled Land. The book was madeRead MoreSouth Africa And South African Literature Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the end of World War II, new ideals began to encroach on South Africa. One of these new ideas was Apartheid, the idea that the races should be separate. This idea quickly became practiced in everyday life and became included in the laws governing South Africa. As one can imagine this ideal also invaded the literature written in South Africa and South African writers. In order to develop Apartheid, the creation of an â€Å"other† was necessary, which established a type of â€Å"us† versus â€Å"them† mentalityRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton1155 Words   |  5 Pages Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton is a stunning and all too accurate depiction of apartheid in South Africa. Even though the novel centers on John Kumalo and his struggling family, it subtly shows the social going ons of South Africa supposedly in 1948, when the book was writt en. Strong examples of this come across in the choral chapters of the novel. These chapters give voice to the people of South Africa. Chapter nine shows the struggles of being black during apartheid, chapter 12 shows theRead MoreRacial Morals in Cry, The Beloved Country Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesRacial Morals in Cry, The Beloved Country Discrimination against people who are different can be identify in every country around the world. People of every sex, color, religion, and in this case, ethnicity are tormented. In the 1940s, 50s, 60s, and 70s apartheid was an emanate injustice throughout the land of South Africa. Apartheid was the governments rigid policy racial segregation between white Europeans and black natives. The officialRead MoreAnalysis Of Cry, The Beloved Country1324 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing the race relationships between characters in Not Either and Experimental Doll and Cry, the Beloved Country certainly brings the social culture of 1940s/50s South Africa to light. In Not Either an Experimental Doll, the push for a personal relationship between an African girl and white woman results in a clear division of social statuses. Cry, the Beloved Country, however, depicts a personal relationship between a black man and a white man that results in mutual respect and understandingRead MoreAnalysis Of Stephen Kumalos Cry, The Beloved Country1284 Words   |  6 PagesIn Cry, the Beloved Country, Paton details a gripping story of Stephen Kumalo’s search for his son while conveying significant ideas regarding the social injustice and integrated racism of South Africa during the segregation of apartheid. Paton structures his story around revolving points of view and maintaining a sometimes simplistic or lyrical language specific to varying parts of the novel to express his message of the disintegration of faith coming from new experiences, distinctively hardshipsRead More History Of Aparthied as It Refers To Cry the Beloved Country1029 Words   |  5 Pageshis speeches was one of hope, which is the only thing the people of Ndotshemi have to thrive on (Chokshi). Alan Paton, the author of Cry the Beloved Country, also believed in hope bringing together the land of South Africa. There are many similarities between the novel and the real life occurrences of the South African Apa rtheid. In the book or in the real life Apartheid, someone came into the scene that was willing to help by assuming a leadership role, whether it is Nelson Mandela or an agriculturalRead MoreRace And Personal Relationships During 1950s / 50s South Africa1361 Words   |  6 Pages1940s/50s South Africa Analyzing the race relationships between characters in Not Either and Experimental Doll and Cry, the Beloved Country really brings the social culture of 1940s/50s South Africa to light. In Not Either an Experimental Doll, the push for a personal relationship between an African girl and white woman results in a clear division of social statuses. Cry, the Beloved Country, however, depicts a personal relationship between a black man and a white man that results in mutual respect and

The Writing Style and Beliefs of Kate Chopin Essay example

The Writing Style and Beliefs of Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was an extraordinary writer of the nineteenth century. Despite failure to receive positive critical response, she became one of the most powerful and controversial writers of her time. She dared to write her thoughts on topics considered radical: the institution of marriage and womens desire for social, economic, and political equality. With a focus on the reality of relationships between men and women, she draws stunning and intelligent characters in a rich and bold writing style that was not accepted because it was so far ahead of its time. She risked her reputation by creating female heroines as independent women who wish to receive sexual and emotional fulfillment,†¦show more content†¦It is a conventional story where nothing is said that might offend the general public or be considered a lapse of taste (Arner 2). Conventional thinking is shown when the heroine, a beautiful and voluptuous Spanish girl who represents the bad woman, gives up the idea of marryin g a wealthy rice planter and marries a man she does not really want. Alcà ©e also conforms to this thinking, and instead of marrying the hot, beautiful, full-bodied Calixta he desires, he takes the more conventional wife-figure Clarisse. The sequel to At the Cadian Ball is The Storm, which was written in December of 1898. Because of its controversial message and the attacks by critics of Chopins work, The Storm was not published until 1969. This story portraying infidelity is almost the opposite of At the Cadian Ball because it does not comply with conventional writing of that day; it implies that the sin of adultery can be a good thing. Chopin shows the reader the same characters she presented in the 1892 story, but she dares six years later to bring Calixta and Alcà ©e together once again. Their pent-up desires match the intensity of the storm, and they make love. Not only does Chopin dare to discuss infidelity in marriage, but she also shows that Alcà ©es wife, who is away on a trip, is enjoying the first free breath since her marriage (Chopin 348). The two stories show the daring of Chopins writing. She throws out conventional views, just asShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s `` Desiree s Baby ``822 Words   |  4 PagesRegionalism reflected in Kate Chopin’s Writings During the latter half of the nineteenth-century, American literature had a renaissance with the development of new writing styles that strived to fully grasp and express the American way of life. Regionalism, which is a writing style that incorporates setting, dialect, and local color of certain regions of the United States was prominent among these new writing styles. Kate Chopin, one of the most prominent feminist writers of the nineteenth-centuryRead MoreThe Storm By Kate Chopin Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pages Kate Chopin was an American author who wrote the short story â€Å"The Storm†. It takes place somewhere down in Louisiana at a general store and at the house of Calixta, Bobinot who is the wife of Calixta, and their son Bibi. The other character in the story is the friend of Calixta, Alcee Laballiere. The story begins with Bobinot and Bibi in the general store to buy a can of shrimp; meanwhile, at home, Calixta is at home doing chores when a storm develops, which makes her worry about Bobinot and BibiRead MoreKate Chopin s Life And Feminism1281 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s Life and Works- Feminism Kate Chopin, born on February 8th, 1850, was a progressive writer in the midst of a conservative and unequal time. She exposed the unfair undertones of society in such a way that made people outrage and condemn some of her works. However, in the early 1900s, her works were examined again and people started to listen to her ideas. One of these main motifs that Chopin’s works kept bringing up were feminism and equality. In The Awakening, Edna Pontellier, a radicalRead MoreViews on Sex and Marriage Depicted in Kate Chopins The Storm1321 Words   |  6 Pagesthe sexual passion that is encountered throughout the story. Kate Chopin opens up an interesting view and tentative explanation of human sexuality and the strong point of view of regulations placed on human sexuality as well as the aspect of trying to control a storm. By tying up these two ideas with one word, Kate Chopin was able to provide a view that would symbolize the premise of desires through variations of the storm. Kate Chopin was born on February 8, 1851, into a wealthy Catholic familyRead MoreThe Escape of a Modern Housewife in Kate Chopins The Awakening1335 Words   |  6 PagesThe Escape of a Modern Housewife â€Å"She could only realize that she herself – her present self – was in some way different from the other self† (Chopin 67). The Awakening by Kate Chopin is a compelling story of a woman who is awakened from the miserable duties of a housewife and mother to a woman who falls in love and finds herself. This story is not to judge a woman for having an affair with her husband, but it is to make the reader fall in love with this woman named Edna and go with her on herRead More Kate Chopins Writing Essay2357 Words   |  10 PagesKate Chopins Writing Elizabeth Fox Genovese of Emory University shared in a PBS interview that â€Å"She [Kate Chopin] was very important as one of the earliest examples of modernism in the United States or, if you wish, the cutting edge of modernism in American literature† (PBS – Interviews). Kate Chopin published At Fault, her first novel, in 1890 and The Awakening, her last novel, in 1898 (Guilds 924). During these years Chopin wrote numerous other works and most, like At Fault and The AwakeningRead More The Shocking Ideas of Kate Chopins The Awakening1864 Words   |  8 PagesThe Shocking Ideas of The Awakening Ideas that resist existing social boundaries commonly are rejected at first, because people don’t want to wake up from their reliable lives. Kate Chopin, however, believed that an awakening was in order, and she attempted to open the eyes of society through her novel The Awakening. The public’s reaction to Chopin’s novel was not one of acceptance. Too strong a drink for moral babies, and should be labeled ‘poison,’ was the how the Republic described ChopinsRead MoreEssay about The Awakening1491 Words   |  6 Pages The Awakening nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, was written in the late nineteenth century in St. Louis after her husband Oscar died of a severe illness. Her book appeared in 1899, after she was idolized by many novels written by Darwin and Sarah Orne Jewett. Her first attempts at writing were just brief sketches for a local newspaper that was only short descriptions of her life in Louisiana. However, Chopin’s interests had always run along more risky linesRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1611 Words   |  7 PagesWomen who desire the traditional mother-woman lifestyle experience easy societal approval, but other women struggle to find independence and happiness because it goes against societal expectations and can be considered selfish. In The Awakening, Kate Chopin uses the contrasting views and actions surrounding motherhood of Adele Ratignolle and Edna Pontellier to show that women should have the right to choose their own destiny and lifestyle, not based on what society expects of them, but based on theirRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour And Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesA Women’s Role in a Patriarchal Society During the 19th Century Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper are two of the first works of feminist literature in the 19th century. They were written at a time when a woman’s lot was characterized by gender inequality, with few legal, social, or political rights. In the 19th century women were constant victims of society’s ideals, defined as physically and intellectually weaker than men. Fathers and husbands

Effects of Sns Free Essays

Lessons from Facebook: The Effect of Social Network Sites on College Students’ Social Capital1 Sebastian Valenzuela2, Namsu Park3, and Kerk F. Kee4 University of Texas at Austin Submitted to the 9th International Symposium on Online Journalism Austin, Texas, April 4-5, 2008 1 We wish to thank Dr. Sharon Strover for her intellectual and financial support for this project, as well as the participants of the seminar â€Å"Interactivity and Web 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Sns or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0,† held during Fall 2007 at the University of Texas at Austin. Corresponding author: Sebastian Valenzuela; E-mail: sebastianvalenzuela@mail. texas. edu. 2 PhD student, School of Journalism, University of Texas at Austin. 3 PhD student, Department of Radio, Television and Film, University of Texas at Austin. 4 PhD student, Department of Communication Studies, University of Texas at Austin 1 Lessons from Facebook 2 Abstract This study examines if Facebook, one of the most popular social network sites among young adults in the U. S. , fulfills the promise of civic journalism: to spark attitudes and behaviors that enhance public life and civic action.Using data from a random web survey of college students in Texas (n = 2,603), we find moderate, positive relationships between intensity of Facebook use and students’ life satisfaction, social trust, civic participation and political engagement. The associations between Facebook usage and students’ social capital are detectable even when taking demographic, socioeconomic and socialization variables into account. These findings highlight important lessons for journalists and media interested in reconnecting individuals, especially young adults, to society and public life. How to cite Effects of Sns, Papers

European History free essay sample

Analyze attitudes toward and evaluate the motivations behind the European acquisition of African colonies in the period 1880 to 1914. Prior to the European takeover of colonies in Africa, Europe had been going through the Industrial Revolution. While European nations had been focusing on building up themselves to become stronger, they began sending missionaries and explorers such as Stanley and Livingston deep into central Africa. European nations soon discovered that there were vast amounts of resources to be found and harvested, and with a different motivation for each nation, they saw that taking over colonies in Africa would give them either a political or economic advantage in Europe. Many of the European nations had different reasons for wanting to control parts of Africa. Chancellor Otto von Bismark of Germany, speaking to his explorer that returned from Africa, says â€Å"My map of Africa is in Europe. Here is Russia and here is France, and we are in the middle. We will write a custom essay sample on European History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That is my map of Africa† (Doc 3). He argues that he is focusing on Europe and he is only willing to establish colonies because France and Russia are doing it as well. For Britain, Joseph Chamberlain, a politician and reformer, explains during his speech, â€Å"to reduce the British Empire to the dimensions of the United Kingdom, half at least of our population would be starved† (Doc 4). Chamberlain claims that developing colonies in Africa is necessary for British population survival. In the book, The Master of the Sea, Eugene-Melchior de Vogue, French diplomat, describes how the European balance of power is now becoming a world balance of power (Doc 10). This means that in order to keep the balance of power, other nations would need to establish colonies in Africa in order to stay important. Out of those reason there were some European nations that believed would gain a political advantage by taking territories in Africa. Prince Leopold, future king of Belgium, during a conversation said â€Å"history teaches that colonies are useful, that they play a great part in that which makes up the power and prosperity of states, let us strive to get one in our turn† (Doc 1). Leopold believes colonies in Africa would make Belgium more powerful. Leopold being an heir to the throne would want to become a great leader by making Belgium stronger through colonies. Benjamin Disraeli, British prime minister, speaking to the House of Commons, in regards to Suez Canal, states that he never recommended the canal as a financial investment, but as a political transaction to strengthen the empire (Doc 2). He argues that the canal can be seen more as useful towards political aims by making it easier to travel to and control the African territories. Another British political speaker, Archibald Philip Primrose, politician and foreign secretary, in his letter to the London Times, expresses that Britain as its first condition requires to be an imperial race and that â€Å"survival of the fittest is an absolute truth in the conditions of the modern world† (Doc 8). Britain use imperialism in Africa is needed to survive in the modern world ruled by Social Darwinism. As a British citizen, Primrose knows that Great Britain relies on exports from their colonies for food and income, so he would want to promote imperialism into other countries. In the book, The Master of the Sea, Eugene-Melchior de Vogue, French diplomat, states that because of European balance of power becoming world balance of power, â€Å"any country that does not wish to become less important must obtain as much new territory relatively as our rivals are doing† (Doc 10). Vogue shows that some countries would see colonizing Africa as a way to keep up with their enemies and not become overpowered. Like those that believed Africa would give a political advantage, others thought that its resources would be economically beneficial. George Washington Williams, lawyer, historian, and legislator, in a letter addressed to King Leopold II of the Belgian, tells about the progress of the Independent State of Congo, explains how Henry M. Stanley was able to deceive the natives into handing over their villages to Belgium (Doc 6). King Leopold II and Stanley created the Independent State of Congo in hopes of making a big profit off of Africa out of the natives and their resources. German Social Democratic Party Congress, in Resolution, argues that the discontent of the bourgeoisie for more money and ever-increasing capital are the reasons that Germany colonizes Africa (Doc 9). The bourgeoisie look to Africa to expand their markets because they are discontent exploiting their home markets. With the party being democratic they would be a liberal group and not wanting to colonize and enslave others. Over the European takeover of Africa, those European nations would begin fighting over their new territories. European History free essay sample How did Bismarck’s system of alliances help maintain peace? Bismarck’s system of alliances was the goal of keeping France isolated and not to have any military allies. Also, he wanted to keep Russia and Austria-Hungary from going to war. France was still bitter over the losing Alsace-Lorraine from the Franco-Prussian War. Both Russia and Austria-Hungary desired territory from the weakening Ottoman Empire, which was the Balkans. The Three Emperors League was an alliance with Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia. This was against radical movements. With the Congress of Berlin, Austria got Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Balkan states ended up becoming independent. The Triple Alliance was Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy was a defensive alliance protection against Russia. The Reinsurance Treaty was between Germany and Russia. If one of them were to be attacked, they promised neutrality. Germany was concerned about war between Austria and Russia. Plus France and Russia being allies. We will write a custom essay sample on European History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page William II ended this treaty and dismissed Bismarck. 2) What were the reasons for Britain and Germany’s love-hate relationship? Between the 1700 and 1800’s, Germany and Britain had a common enemy, which was France. Their racials ties of Anglo-Saxon and Germanic people as well. The rivalry was of course power. Germany was on the rise to power. Economic wise was the colonie and the world market. For the military component, Germany expanded their navy with battleships. Great Britain is known for its naval supremacy and it was threatened by Germany. It ended up being a naval race between the two nations. For the political factors, Great Britain wanted alliances with France, Russia, and the United States. At the Algeciras Conference, Germany attempted to break the friendship between Great Britain and France. They failed and brought them closer. 3) Why was the Moroccan crisis of 1905 a turning point in European diplomacy? France and Great Britain agreed over North Africa. Britain got full control over Egypt and France got full control over Morocco. The Anglo-French Entente was closer relations between France and England. Germany as always wanted to try and break the treaty between France and England. Germany didnt act diplomatically though. They were now viewed as an international bully. Great Britain, France, Russia, and the United States saw Germany as a common threat. These four nations became closer. Austria became Germany’s main ally as well. 4) What impact did the Congress of Berlin (1878) have on the Balkan area? What were the origins and causes of the â€Å"Third Balkan War†? With the Congress of Berlin, Austria-Hungary had power over Bosnia and Herzegovina. Romania and Serbia won independence. Bulgaria won a somewhat say in their government. Austria-Hungary and Russia wanted to control the Balkans. With nationalism, Serbia wanted to expand by gaining Bosnia and Herzegovina. Austria-Hungary ended up annexing both of their wanted territories. Serbians were furious. The First and Second Balkan Wars consisted of fight within Serbia, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire about territorial gains. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was on a visit to Sarajevo and ended up getting assassinated by Serbians. It was the Black Hand which was a Serbian terrorist group. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia which was the start of the Third Balkan War. Austria-Hungary wanted to stop nationalism that threatened their empire. 5) Which of the major powers do you believe were most responsible and least responsible for the war? Explain. Austria-Hungary had imperialism in the Balkans and declared war on Serbia. They were also Germany’s main ally. Russia had total support of Serbia. They allied with Serbia and France. All three of them mobilized against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany wrote a â€Å"blank check† to Austria-Hungary. William II’s poor control of international diplomacy lead to the Moroccan crisis and naval build up. In addition, Germany invaded France through Belgium. France became permanently mad at Germany and seeked for revenge. They ended up allying with Russia. This meant the support from Russia meant also from Serbia. Great Britain had a naval build up and entered an alliance with France. This disrupted the balance of power and made it point toward France now. 6) What impact did the war have on the economy and the people at home? How cooperative was the population? The economy changed from a free market system to a state run economy. The government organized price and wage controls, quotas, production and what to be produced. The food and resources vital for war had to be rationed. Due to nationalism, the population was supportive of the â€Å"total war† efforts of their governments, in the beginning of the war. 7) Did the war have any effect on the power of organized labor? On women in society? The labor unions cooperated with governments on production and wages. The government gave back by allowing labor leaders in policy making councils. The unions were accepted in the European countries as legitimate organizations. Women were now in demand for labor because men were off at war. Women became a more visible part in society and this gave a boost for the modern women’s rights movement. 8) What evidence is there that the strain of the war was beginning to take its toll on the home front in Russia, Austria, France, and Germany by 1916? Russia had a lot of war casualties. The population was vital of the czar’s leadership. Nicholas II went to the front to lead the troops. While he was away, Alexandra and Rasputin were in charge. Austria’s chief minister was assassinated. Frances Joseph died as well. The Czechs and Yugoslavs called for autonomous democracies. France and their troops refused to fight. There were labor strikes during the war. Clemenceau ruled practically as a dictator. Germany had Karl Liebknecht, who was a radical social leader, spoke out against war. This had the radicals to protest. There was an expanding anti-war legislation in the Reichstag and massive break strikes in Berlin. 9) What were the reasons for the Russian Revolution in March 1917? Who were the Soviets? The war demoralized troops which led to mass desertions. Many peasant soldiers returned home and angry with weapons. Also the war produced massive food shortages and there were bread riots in St. Petersburg. These riots spread like wildfire. Nicholas II ended up stepping down and leaving Russia. The Soviet and the provisional government ended up trying to rule Russia. The social classes were going for political liberty. The upper middle class were expecting better results from the war. Workers demanded better wages and good. Peasants asked for land reform. The Soviets was a political organization in St. They were against the czar’s government and operated separately from the Kerenskys provisional government. For example, Army Order #1. 10) What were the reasons for the Bolshevik victory in the civil war? The democracy ended up turning into an anarchy. Not one individual group or person had clear dominance to take power. Lenin and Trotsky were talented leaders who competed for power. Trotsky created an organized and centralized army that was able to outperform the whites. While Lenin was able to appeal to the urban workers and soldiers who were for socialism, successfully. The Bolsheviks ruled the center of Russia while the white were scattered out over thousands of miles. There was a secret police and the use of terror. The â€Å"White Armies† were decentralized and didn’t organize movements. They didn’t have a clear political objective that rallied the enemies of the Bolsheviks into an united front. Foreign military aid was too late and little and rallied nationalistic Russian against the whites. 11) What happened to the Austro-Hungarian and Turkish empires after 1918? Austria-Hungary became Austria. They lost land to Italy which was Tyrol. They became independent states which were Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Hungary. Austria ended up becoming a small, militarily insignificant European nation. The Ottoman Empire ended up becoming Turkey. France got Lebanon and Syria. While Britain received Iraq and Palestine. The empire was diminished and Turkey’s borders were the Anatolian peninsula and the Bosporus. Both of these nations were once dominant in power and now were put down to secondary status, which is ironic. 12) What were the goals of Wilson, Lloyd George, and Clemenceau at the Versailles Peace Conference? President Wilson of the United States created the Fourteen Points. He wanted national self determinations, rights of small countries, and League of Nations. David Lloyd George was focused on restoring Germany to a reasonable economic strength. He perceived that Germany could be a balance to the communist Russia. Georges Clemenceau seeked revenge against Germany for the two invasions in the last forty years. He wanted to create a buffer state between France and Germany. He wanted protection against future attacks and permanent demilitarization of Germany. Germany had to pay large war reparations and it weakened them, yet gave France a chance to rebuild.